Castlecaulfield ward lies in the southeastern corner of Mid Ulster, a primarily rural area characterised by small settlements and agricultural land. The landscape is defined by low drumlins and hedged fields, with the main settlement being the historic village of Castlecaulfield itself. The area is bordered to the east by the River Torrent, a tributary of the Blackwater, which shapes the local geography.
The ward's name and central feature is the substantial ruin of Castle Caulfield, a 17th-century plantation castle built by Sir Toby Caulfield. The village developed around this site, with its main street following a traditional linear plan. Local life centres on the village's community facilities and the surrounding farmland, with the wider ward encompassing the smaller hamlets of Newmills and Tullygiven.
